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What Diseases Can You Get From Sewage Water Exposure?

Last updated October 26, 2026

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The short answer

Understanding the Health Risks

Sewage water is a complex mix of human waste, chemicals, and microorganisms. Direct contact, inhalation of contaminated mist, or ingestion can lead to various illnesses. The specific disease you might encounter depends on the pathogens present and the route of exposure. Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever.

For most healthy adults, a single exposure may cause mild illness, but the risks are higher for children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems. Even small amounts of sewage can carry harmful germs. If you develop symptoms after coming into contact with sewage, see a doctor promptly and explain the exposure.

In Port St. Lucie, the humid subtropical climate can increase the survival of some pathogens, so treating any sewage spill as a health hazard is wise.

Common Bacterial Diseases

Bacterial infections are among the most common results of sewage exposure. E. Coli and salmonella can cause severe gastrointestinal distress, including cramps and bloody diarrhea. Campylobacter and shigella are also present in sewage and lead to similar symptoms. These infections may require medical treatment and can be dangerous for vulnerable people.

Leptospirosis is another bacterial risk, especially in floodwaters that may contain animal urine. It can cause flu-like symptoms and, in severe cases, kidney or liver damage. If you have open cuts or scrapes, keep them covered and avoid direct contact with sewage. Wash any exposed skin thoroughly with soap and clean water.

Always assume sewage is contaminated and treat it accordingly. Proper hygiene after exposure is your first line of defense.

  • E. Coli infection
  • Salmonella infection
  • Leptospirosis
  • Campylobacter infection
  • Shigella infection

Viral and Parasitic Threats

Viruses like hepatitis A and norovirus can spread through sewage-contaminated water or food. Hepatitis A affects the liver and can cause jaundice, while norovirus leads to acute gastroenteritis. Both are highly contagious and can be transmitted person-to-person. Vaccination for hepatitis A is available, but the right protection is avoiding contact.

Parasites such as giardia and cryptosporidium can cause prolonged diarrhea and are resistant to some disinfectants. These parasites are particularly concerning because they can survive in the environment for months. After any sewage exposure, wash your hands frequently and disinfect surfaces that may have come into contact with contaminated water.

If you suspect you've swallowed sewage water, monitor for symptoms for up to two weeks, as some infections have longer incubation periods.

  • Hepatitis A
  • Norovirus
  • Giardia infection
  • Cryptosporidium infection

Skin and Respiratory Infections

Skin contact with sewage can lead to dermatitis, rashes, and bacterial infections like cellulitis. Open wounds are especially vulnerable; even minor cuts can become infected with staphylococcus or streptococcus. Always wear protective gloves and boots if you must be near sewage, and clean any skin contact area immediately.

Inhaling aerosolized sewage droplets can cause respiratory issues, including bronchitis or pneumonia, especially in people with asthma or other lung conditions. If you are cleaning up sewage, wear a mask or respirator to reduce inhalation risks. Ventilate the area by opening windows and using fans.

If you experience persistent coughing, shortness of breath, or skin redness, seek medical advice without delay.

Protecting Your Health and Home

The right way to avoid sewage-related diseases is to prevent exposure in the first place. In Port St. Lucie, heavy rains can cause backups, so keep your plumbing well-maintained and consider installing a backwater valve. If a spill does occur, keep children and pets away from the area until it is properly cleaned.

Cleaning sewage is not a do-it-yourself job because of the health hazards and the need for proper disinfection. Local water damage pros have the training and equipment to handle sewage cleanup safely. They use industrial-grade cleaners and follow safety protocols to minimize health risks.

If you have been exposed and feel unwell, see a doctor. For the cleanup, contact a professional service that specializes in sewage backup cleanup.

  • Wear protective gear
  • Wash hands thoroughly
  • Disinfect affected surfaces
  • Ventilate the area
  • Seek medical care if symptoms occur

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Frequently asked questions

Can sewage exposure make you sick even if you don't touch it?

Yes, you can inhale contaminated droplets from sewage, especially when it's agitated. This can lead to respiratory infections or gastrointestinal illness if you swallow the droplets. Always wear a mask and keep the area ventilated to reduce these risks.

How soon after exposure do symptoms appear?

It varies by pathogen. Some bacteria cause symptoms within 12 to 72 hours, while parasites like giardia may take one to two weeks. Viral infections like hepatitis A can have an incubation period of two to six weeks. Monitor your health and see a doctor if you feel unwell.

What should a homeowner do if sewage water enters the home?

Evacuate the area and avoid contact. Turn off the water supply if possible. Do not attempt to clean it yourself. Contact a professional sewage cleanup service to handle the contamination and disinfect the space thoroughly.

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